Glaucoma and Genetics: Are You at Risk?

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Posted by: Missouri Eye Institute in Blog on January 6, 2025

Glaucoma is one of the leading causes of blindness in the United States, often developing without noticeable symptoms until significant vision loss has occurred. While factors like age, eye pressure and overall eye health contribute to the disease, genetic predisposition plays a crucial role in your risk for developing glaucoma. But how much does your family history matter? Let’s explore the relationship between genetics and glaucoma, and how you can assess your risk.

Understanding Glaucoma

Glaucoma refers to a group of eye diseases that damage the optic nerve, often due to high intraocular pressure. There are several types of glaucoma, including open-angle glaucoma (the most common), angle-closure glaucoma and normal-tension glaucoma. Early detection and treatment are vital to managing the condition and preventing irreversible vision loss.

Symptoms of glaucoma often develop slowly and can go unnoticed while irrevocable damage happens. Common symptoms include loss of peripheral vision, halos around lights, eye pain or pressure, redness and blurred vision. In some cases, individuals may experience sudden, severe eye pain, nausea and vomiting, which can indicate an acute angle-closure glaucoma attack that requires immediate medical attention.

How Genetics Plays a Role in Glaucoma

Genetics can significantly influence your chances of developing glaucoma. If you have a family history of glaucoma, you are more likely to develop it yourself. Studies have shown that people with first-degree relatives (like parents or siblings) diagnosed with glaucoma have a higher risk of the disease. This connection is particularly strong in primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), the most common form of the disease.

In fact, experts have identified several genes linked to glaucoma, and ongoing research is helping to further clarify the genetic factors involved. While the presence of certain genes can indicate an increased risk, it does not guarantee you will develop glaucoma. That’s why it’s important to stay vigilant and get regular eye exams. 

What You Can Do to Lower Your Risk

Even if you have a family history of glaucoma, there are steps you can take to reduce your risk. Regular eye exams are essential, especially if you are over the age of 40 or have relatives with glaucoma. Early detection can help manage the disease before it steals your eyesight.

In addition to regular exams, maintaining healthy habits can support eye health. Protecting your eyes from injury, maintaining a healthy diet and staying active all play a role in preserving your vision. Reducing risk factors such as high blood pressure and diabetes may also help prevent glaucoma.

The Importance of Genetic Testing

As science advances, genetic testing is becoming more vital in assessing your risk for glaucoma. If you have a family history of glaucoma, you may benefit from genetic counseling or testing, especially if you have other risk factors. Discussing your family’s medical history with your doctor can help guide your decision on whether genetic testing might be appropriate for you.

If you are interested in assessing your glaucoma risks, contact Missouri Eye Institute to learn more about fine-tuning your eye health strategy. We can guide you with expert care tailored to your needs.

Remember, if you have a family history of glaucoma, you may be at a higher risk of developing the disease. While genetics plays a significant role, regular eye exams and healthy habits can help you stay ahead of the disease. 

At Missouri Eye Institute, our team is committed to providing expert care to help you manage your eye health. To learn more about glaucoma and other eye conditions, visit our Glaucoma Services Page.

Frequently Asked Questions

Can glaucoma be prevented?

While glaucoma can’t be prevented, early detection and glaucoma treatment can help manage the condition and prevent substantial vision loss.

What age should I start getting glaucoma screenings?

It’s recommended to begin screenings at age 40, especially if you have a family history of glaucoma.

Can I develop glaucoma without family history?

Yes, while genetics increases risk, glaucoma can develop in people without a family history of the disease. It is most common in people over the age of 60.

Is there a cure for glaucoma?

Currently, there is no cure for glaucoma, but it can be managed with treatment to prevent further damage to vision.

How often should I get an eye exam for glaucoma?

If you are at risk—due to either genetic predisposition or certain health conditions—you should have an eye exam every 1-2 years. Consult with your eye care provider for a personalized plan.

Missouri Eye Institute has helped thousands of patients attain freedom from glasses and contact lenses through modern LASIK and cataract procedures, with convenient locations in Springfield, Joplin and Branson. Contact us at (800) 383-3831 to schedule a thorough consultation or visit MissouriEye.com to learn more about our services.